每日一学室间隔缺损

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每日一学Day26室间隔缺损

室间隔缺损：

是一种常见的先天性心脏畸形，既可单独存在，亦可合并其他畸形。一般所说的室间隔缺损，即为单纯的心室间隔缺损。室间隔缺损患者的症状严重程度常与缺损大小、心脏血流动力学受影响程度有关。

无论小儿还是成人，小、中型室间隔缺损时通常无症状，或仅在剧烈运动时出现呼吸急促、劳力性呼吸困难等，小儿生长发育多正常。

小儿可表现出喂养困难、体重不增、生长发育迟缓，活动后呼吸急促、多汗、乏力等。

from:油管

Ventricularseptaldefect(室间隔缺损)orVSDreferstoanopeningintheinterventricularseptumthatseparatesthetwoventriclesoftheheart.Innormalcirculation,oxygen-poorbloodfromthebodyreturnstotherightsideoftheheart,whereitispumpedintothepulmonaryartery(肺动脉)andtothelungs(肺).

Afterbeingoxygenated,Oxygen-richbloodfromthelungsreturnstotheleftsideofthehearttobepumpedintotheaorta(主动脉)andouttothebody.AVSDallowsabnormalbloodflow(异常血流)betweenthetwoventricles,thenetflowofbloodcalledashuntisusuallyfromlefttorightduetosignificantlyhigherbloodpressureintheleftsideoftheheart.

Thisisbecausetheleftsidehastopumpbloodalloverthebody,whiletherightsideonlyneedstosendittothelungs.Ifthedefectissmall,theshuntisnegligible(忽略不计)anddoesnotresultinanysymptoms.Alargedefect,ontheotherhand,mayoverloadtherightsideoftheheartcausingittofail.

Heartfailure(心力衰竭)symptomsusuallyappearduringthefirstfewweeksoflifeandincludefatigue(疲劳),shortnessofbreath(气促),difficultyfeeding(进食困难),andpoorgrowth.Withouttreatment,other